Avian Influenza

What is avian influenza or bird flu?

Avian influenza, or bird flu, is a highly contagious virus that spreads through the air and affects the respiratory system in birds. It can pass easily between birds through nasal, eye secretions and manure. The virus can move from one flock to another in several ways—wild birds, infected poultry, contaminated equipment or even on the clothing and shoes of people who care for the birds. This virus affects chickens, ducks and turkeys, as well as some wild bird species such as ducks, geese, shorebirds and raptors. 

Warning signs:Infographic for protecting backyard flocks against Avian Influenza

  • Sudden, unexplained deaths
  • Drop in egg production
  • Blue combs, wattles or legs
  • Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge
  • Swollen eyelids or combs
  • Twisted head/neck, stumbling
  • Diarrhea, low energy, no appetite

If you see these warning signs, contact a veterinarian or call 410-841-5810 or email md.birdflu@maryland.gov.

Bird health precautions:

  • Keep wild animals, including birds, and backyard poultry separated.
  • Keep sick birds separated from healthy backyard poultry.
  • Clean feeders and waterers regularly for all backyard birds.

Human health precautions:

  • Wash hands with warm, soapy water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitizer before and after handling raw poultry or eggs.
  • Keep raw meat and eggs separate from other foods to avoid cross-contamination.
  • Cover any cuts or wounds on hands while processing poultry.
  • Cook poultry and eggs to a minimum of 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Clean anything in the kitchen that touched raw poultry and eggs, including utensils, counters and cutting boards.
  • Disinfect tools, shoes and surfaces regularly.
  • Wear gloves if you must touch sick birds or birds found dead.

General Resources